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Objective:To analyze the prevention and treatment of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, Shaanxi Province, so as to provide basis for consolidating the results of Kaschin-Beck disease prevention and control and the treatment of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease.Methods:The epidemiological investigation of data and clinical data Kaschin-Beck disease from 1954 to 2022 were collected from the Fu County Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control and People's Hospital of Fu County in Shaanxi Province, respectively. The retrospective study was used to investigate the prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County through the adoption of comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement, conversion of farmland to forest and so on.Results:In 1954, there were 6 endemic townships and 127 endemic villages of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, with a total population of 78 781. A total of 16 327 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 20.72%, including 5 434 patients without clinical symptoms. There were 5 850 patients with clinical grade Ⅰ, 3 725 patients with clinical grade Ⅱ and 1 318 patients with clinical grade Ⅲ. In 1975, the first general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in the whole county, with a total population of 101 341. A total of 9 575 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 9.45%, including 3 247 cases without clinical symptoms. Among the patients with symptoms, there were 3 704 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 2 006 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 618 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ. The patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were mainly local residents, accounting for 93.92% (8 993/9 575). In 1997, 27 320 students aged 7 to 16 years in 342 schools of 15 townships were examined and found that there were 169 cases without clinical symptoms with X-ray changes, only 2 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, and the detection rate decreased to 0.63%. In 1997, Fu County began to encourage relocation and grain exchange to prevent Kaschin-Beck disease. The relocation targets were mainly the seriously ill villages with new cases among children and poor living conditions. By 1999, a total of 100 households and 469 people were relocated, and by 2020, 1 569 households and 5 334 people were relocated. In 1997 and 1998, measures were taken to improve water quality in 43 natural villages in 6 townships, with 1 591 households and 7 375 people benefiting. In 2010, a general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in 15 townships of Fu County, with a total population of 135 858, and 3 424 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 2.52%. There were 2 885 cases with clinical symptoms, including 1 584 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, 1 024 cases with clinical grade Ⅱ and 277 cases with clinical grade Ⅲ. Among them, 32 561 minors under 16 years old were examined, and 49 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 0.15%, and all of them were clinical gradeⅠ patients. In 2014, a total of 73 600 people were surveyed in 170 endemic villages of Fu county, and 2 885 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 3.92%. Compared with 2010, the number of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease increased zero, and there were no underage patients under the age of 16 for 4 consecutive years. By the end of 2016, 666.67 hm 2 of farmland had been converted to forest in Fu County, involving 9 townships (including communities), 33 administrative villages and 1 993 households. In 2018, another general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in Fu County, with a total population of 157 362. A total of 2 308 patients were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 1.47%. Among them, there were 1 270 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 870 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 168 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ, and there were no patients with Kaschin-Beck disease under 16 years old in the county for 8 consecutive years (2011-2018). In the same year, 22 cases of Kaschin-Beck disease joint replacement were completed in Fu County, and by January 2022, about 60 cases had completed joint replacement. Conclusion:The prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County has achieved remarkable results through comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement and conversion of farmland to forest.
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ObjectiveTo establish the quality standard of Liangditang benchmark samples. MethodUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MS） was used to qualitatively analyze the chemical composition of Liangditang on the basis of molecular and fragment ion peak information with cracking law. The mobile phase was methanol （A）-0.05% phosphate aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-10 min， 5%-23.5%A； 10-20 min， 23.5%A； 20-58 min， 23.5%-63%A； 58-60 min， 63%-90%A）， the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1， and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. Electrospray ionization was employed under positive ion mode， the detection range was m/z 100-1 700. Key quality attributes and sources were determined by comparing with single medicine and reference substances. Through mass transfer analysis of multiple batches from decoction pieces to benchmark samples， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） for determining the contents of index components and HPLC detection of characteristic maps were established. Through the determination of 15 batches of benchmark samples， the content range of the index components and the common peaks of the characteristic map were determined. Thin layer chromatography （TLC） was applied to the identification of 5 medicines in the formula. Moisture and dry extract yield of the benchmark samples were determined by drying method. ResultA total of 27 compounds were inferred from the benchmark samples of Liangditang， among which 9 compounds were confirmed by comparison with the control， including catalpol， harpagide， gallic acid， albiflorin， paeoniflorin， verbascoside， angoroside C， cinnamic acid and harpagoside. A method for determining the characteristic maps of the benchmark samples were established and 13 peaks were assigned， and the characteristic peaks were mainly derived from wine-processed products of Rehmanniae Radix， Scrophulariae Radix and wine-processed products of Paeoniae Radix Alba. The similarity between the characteristic map of 15 batches of benchmark samples and the control characteristic map was >0.9. Methods for the determination of paeoniflorin， harpagoside， L-hydroxyproline and glycine were established， and the contents of these four components in 15 batches of benchmark samples were within ±30% of the corresponding mean value， and the transfer rate of decoction pieces to the benchmark samples was stable and controllable. TLC was established to identify 5 prescription drugs （except Ejiao） with two kinds of test solutions， and the results showed that the method had good specificity. The average dry extract yield was 48.06%， and the average moisture was 5.58%， which were within the range of ±10% and ±30% of their mean values， respectively. ConclusionThe quality standard of Liangditang benchmark samples was as follows：the similarity between the benchmark samples and the control characteristic map is >0.9， the contents of paeoniflorin， harpagoside， L-hydroxyproline and glycine are 217-403， 24-46， 634-1 178， 1 253-2 328 mg per dose， the dry extract yield is 43.0%-53.0%， the moisture is 4.0%-7.0%， under the set detection conditions， the benchmark samples have corresponding characteristic spots by comparing with the control herbs of 5 medicines. This quality standard is stable and reliable， which fills the gap in the quality control of Liangditang， and can provide a reference for the establishment of the quality standard of Liangditang granules.
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Objective To determine the effect of trunk motion control on knee biomechanics during single-leg landing. Methods Twenty male healthy basketball players were recruited. The kinematics, kinetics parameters and surface electromyogram (EMG) of knee joints under trunk motion control during single-leg landing were studied by using Vicon motion Analysis system, Kistler force platform and Noraxon surface EMG system. Results Compared with natural landing, there were significant differences in flexion angle at initial contact moment, peak flexion angle and peak flexion moment during deeply inspiratory landing and landing with a stick, and a significantly larger flexion angle at initial contact moment, a larger peak flexion angle and smaller peak flexion moment were also found. Compared with natural landing, there was no statistical difference in peak valgus angle and peak valgus moment, as well as EMG activity of hamstrings, quadriceps muscles of the knee during deeply inspiratory landing and landing with a stick. Conclusions Deeply inspiratory landing or landing with a stick reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and the results provide the theoretical basis for prevention of ACL injuries in basketball players during landing.
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.03.006.].
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Objective To study the effect of ankle taping (restriction of ankle varus and plantar flexion) on biomechanical characteristics of the knee during drop landing on the dominant leg. Methods Eighteen amateur athletes performed the dominant-legged drop landing under two different ankle conditions (with or without taping). Vicon three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system, Kistler force plate and Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) system were used to collect kinetic, kinematic and sEMG data for statistical analysis. Results Compared with control group, ankle taping significantly increased flexion angle at initial contact and maximum flexion angle, while significantly decreased the maximum valgus angle. Conclusions The restriction of varus and plantar flexion might reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The intervention with ankle taping could modify biomechanical parameters of the knee during drop landing. The ankle taping by restriction of ankle varus and plantar flexion may be an effective measure to prevent ACL injury for collegiate athletes.
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Recently, considerable attention in the field of cancer therapy has been focused on the mammalian rapamycin target (mTOR), inhibition of which could result in autophagic cell death (ACD). Though novel combination chemotherapy of autophagy inducers with chemotherapeutic agents is extensively investigated, nanomedicine-based combination therapy for ACD remains in infancy. In attempt to actively trigger ACD for synergistic chemotherapy, here we incorporated autophagy inducer rapamycin (RAP) into 7pep-modified PEG-DSPE polymer micelles (7pep-M-RAP) to specifically target and efficiently priming ACD of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with high expression of transferrin receptor (TfR). Cytotoxic paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded micelle (7pep-M-PTX) was regarded as chemotherapeutic drug model. We discovered that with superior intracellular uptake and more tumor accumulation of micelles , 7pep-M-RAP exhibited excellent autophagy induction and synergistic antitumor efficacy with 7pep-M-PTX. Mechanism study further revealed that 7pep-M-RAP and 7pep-M-PTX used in combination provided enhanced efficacy through induction of both apoptosis- and mitochondria-associated autophagic cell death. Together, our findings suggested that the targeted excess autophagy may provide a rational strategy to improve therapeutic outcome of breast cancer, and simultaneous induction of ACD and apoptosis may be a promising anticancer modality.
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Objective@#To explore the impact of socioeconomic status on minority college students’ healthy sports behaviors, and to provide guidance for improving physical fitness among minority college students.@*Methods@#Binary Logistic regression and path analysis were used to analyze the path and effect of socioeconomic status on minority college students’ healthy sports behaviors, controlled for health status, academic pressure, sports attitude, sports venues, sports skills and health knowledge.@*Results@#Socioeconomic status was positively associated with students’ healthy sports behaviors (OR>1). With the potential variables controlled, the odds of participating in healthy sports activity among urban students, sophomores and female students was 2.10, 2.60 and 0.59 times higher than that of rural students, freshman and male students. Path analysis showed that the direct effect of socio-economic status on minority college students’ healthy sports behavior was 0.07, the indirect effect was 0.16, and the total effect was 0.23.@*Conclusion@#Socioeconomic status shows direct and indirect effect on healthy sports behaviors among college students, with the indirect effect being larger than direct effect. Apart from socioeconomic status, physical fitness education, as well as creating and maintaining a good physical exercise environment by schools and society should be encouraged to facilitate college students establishing healthy sports behaviors.
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AIM:To investigate molecular regulatory mechanism of K-ras to girdin protein in COS7 cells and expression of K-ras and girdin in colorectal carcinoma tissues .METHODS:The lentiviral vector carrying K-ras gene was constructed and transfected in the COS 7 cells.The expression of K-ras, girdin proteins and other related proteins in COS 7 cells and colorectal carcinoma tissues was observed by Western blot .RESULTS:The COS7 cells with K-ras over-expres-sion showed an irregular cell morphology .The results of Western blot indicated that the downstream signal protein levels of p-ERK1/2, p-Stat3 and girdin were significantly increased in the COS 7 cells with K-ras over-expression.Transfection with the K-ras siRNA into the COS7 cells significantly reduced the protein levels of p-ERK1/2, p-Stat3 and girdin.In the color-ectal carcinoma tissues (7 cases), 5 cases had higher expression of K-ras and girdin compared with pericarcinous tissues . CONCLUSION:K-ras regulates girdin expression through the signal pathway of K-ras-ERK1/2-Stat3-girdin.
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BACKGROUND:Evaluation of vertical jumping ability is usual y only limited to height measurements. The measurements of parameters that describe kinetic factors may provide a better assessment of a patient’s jumping ability. OBJECTIVE:To determine the deficit in one-legged vertical jumping ability and to clarify the relationships between the maximum jumping height and the maximum power, force and velocity during one-legged vertical jumps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS:Twenty-five healthy subjects (10 males and 15 females) and 25 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients (10 males and 15 females) participated in this study. The isokinetic quadriceps femoris strength and one-legged vertical jumping ability were evaluated by the height, power, force and velocity in al subjects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The maximum height of the one-legged vertical jumps was only significantly correlated with the maximum force in the healthy subjects (P<0.05). (2) However, for the reconstructed and unreconstructed legs in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients, the maximum jumping height was significantly correlated with the maximum power, force and velocity during one-legged vertical jumps (P<0.05). (3) These findings suggest the importance of a knee strategy during one-legged vertical jumps for rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Assessment of the jumping ability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may be determined by the maximum power instead of the maximum jumping height.
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Objective To observe the effect of miR-132 transfection on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer SW1990,and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods The expression of miR-132 in the pancreatic cancer tissue and the adjacent tissues in 28 pancreatic cancer patients were detected by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).miR-132 was transfected into SW1990 cells by using liposome method,untransfected cells and cells with missense miR-132 transfection were used as black control and negative control.The proliferation and apoptosis was detected by CCK-8 assay and DAPI staining.The transfected cells were implanted in nude mice as xenograft tumor,and TUNEL was used to detect the apoptosis; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Ki-67 and mucin-4 protein in the xenograft tumors and mucin-4,HER-2,p-FAK protein in transfected cells.Results The expression levels of miR-132 in pancreatic cancer tissue and adjacent tissues were 0.46 ± 0.11 and 1.24 ± 0.36,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of miR-132 in transfected SW1990 cells was 2.95 ± 0.46,which were significantly higher than those in negative control (0.84 ± 0.17) ; the survival rate of transfected cells at 48,72,96 h was 56.5％,44.7％,37.4％ of negative control cells.The apoptosis rate in transfected cells was 41.6％,and the corresponding value was 5.7％ in negative control,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of mucin-4,HER-2,p-FAK in nagative control were 2.94 ± 0.42,1.75 ± 0.37 and 2.74 ± 0.24,and the corresponding values in transfected cells were 0.76 ± 0.14,0.34 ± 0.04 and 0.27 ± 0.03,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).In vivo,the growth of xenograft tumors in transfected nude mice was significantly inhibited [(0.23 ± 0.05) vs (0.59 ± 0.13) g,P ＜ 0.05],the apoptosis of xenograft tumor cells was significant increased [(21.7 ± 4.7) ％ vs (5.2 ± 0.7) ％,P ＜0.05].The expressions of mucin-4 and Ki-67 protein in nagative control was 281.34 ± 36.62 and 148.05 ± 21.34,and the corresponding values in transfection group were 64.35 ± 7.16 and 30.75 ± 4.61,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions miR-132 transfection has an effect of inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis on SW1990 cells,and the mechanism may be down-regulation of mucin-4,HER-2,p-FAK protein rxpression.
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Objective To observe the biological role and the underlying mechanisms of miR-132 in liver cancer on invasion and metastasis.Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis was used to examine the expression of miR-132 in four liver cancer cell lines (MHCC97H,HCCLYH,MHCC97L and SMMC-7721),a normal liver cell line HL-7702,and in liver tumor tissues with or without metastases.The biological effects of miR-132 transfection on human liver can-cer cells were assessed by wound assay,matrigel counting and in vivo experiments in nude mice.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin,α-cadherin,vimentin,fibronectin and ZEB2 in li-ver cancer cells.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect positive expression of ZEB2 in xenograft tumors.Results The expressions of miR-132 were downregulated in the four liver cancer cell lines when compared with the normal liver cell line (P ＜ 0.05),and in the liver cancer tissues with distant metastases when compared with the tissues without metastases (P ＜ 0.05).After transfection,ectopic expressions of miR-132 markedly inhibited cell migration and invasion in liver cancer cells.When compared with the control group,the expressions of E-cadherin and α-cadherin in the miR-132 transfection group were significantly increased,but the expressions of vimentin,fibronectin and ZEB2 were decreased.In addition,the numbers of metastatic lung lesions in nude mice in the miR-132 transfection group was markedly decreased when compared with the control group.The expressions of ZEB2 in the miR-132 transfection group was also significantly decreased when compared with the control group.Conclusions Transfection of miR-132 effectively inhibited invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.miR-132 may become a new target for regulation of gene expression in liver cancer.
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Objective To investigate feasibility of ovarian preservation in early youth endometrial cancer (EC).Methods We searched the database.All the calculations and statistical tests were performed with the Revman 5.2 software.The odds risk (OR) of cancer recurrence or death was taken as observation index.Results The experimental group was compared to control group,the risks of relapse and death were similar.The combined OR of all relapse risk was 0.87 with a 95％ of confidence interval (0.44 ～ 1.70).While the combined OR of all death risk was 0.70 with a 95％ of confidence interval (0.42 ～ 1.15).Conclusions The present data show that ovarian preservation in early youth EC is feasible because the treatment can not increase the risks of relapse and death.However,this conclusion needs to be further confirmed with high-quality randomized clinical trials.
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Objective To investigate the values of the APACHE O,APACHE-Ⅲ,Ranson and Balthazar CT(CTSI) scoring systems in predicting prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis.Methods Data were collected prospectively from 321 consecutive patients who were admitted into our hospital from 2005-01-01 to 2011-01-01 with acute pancreatitis (AP).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the APACHE-O,APACHE-Ⅱ,Ranson,Balthazar CT scoring systems at different cut-off levels were calculated.The receiver-operating curves (ROC) for the prediction of severe AP in the early period were calculated using the APACHE-O,APACHE-Ⅱ,Ranson and Balthazar CT scores in different cut-off levels on hospital admission.The area under the curve (AUC) was used to compare the predictive accuracy.Using ROC curves,the values in predicting systemic complications,local complications and morbidities were also compared.Results At a cut-off point of 7,the APACHE O had a sensitivity of 95.4％,a specificity of 76.6％ and an overall accuracy of 79.4％.The Youden's index and the AUC of the APACHE-O score were 0.720 and 0.736,respectively.At a cut-off point of 8,the APACHE-Ⅱ had a sensitivity of 90.4％,a specificity of 81.0％ and an overall accuracy of 842.6％.The Youden's index and the AUC of the APACHE-Ⅱ were 0.714 and 0.699,respectively.At a cut-off point of 3,the Ranson had a sensitivity of 75.0％,a specificity of 78.1％ and an overall accuracy of 77.6％,respectively.The Youden’s index and the AUC of the Ranson were 0.531 and 0.703,respectively.At a cut-off point of 5,the CTSI had a sensitivity of 82.7％,a specificity of 91.4％ and an overall accuracy of 90.0％,respectively.The Youden's index and the AUC of the CTSI were 0.741 and 0.777,respectively.The CTSI system was the best in predicting local complications with a Youden’s index of 0.766,and an AUC of 0.777,respectively. At a cut-off point of 5,the CTSI had a sensitivity of 85.4％,a specificity of 91.2％ and an overall accuracy of 90.3％,respectively.The APACHE-O system was the best in predicting systematic complications with a Youden’s index of 0.789 and an AUC of 0.779,respectively.At a cut -off point of 8,the CTSI had a sensitivity of 91.1 ％,a specificity of 87.8％ and an overall accuracy of 88.2％,respectively.The CTSI system was the best in predicting local complications with a Youden’s index 0.952 and an AUC of 0.847,respectively.At a cut-off point of 8,the CTSI had a sensitivity of 100％,a specificity of 95.2％,and an overall accuracy of 95.3％,respectively.Conclusions The results suggested that the CTSI is the most useful system in predicting local complications and morbidities of severe AP in the early period.The APACHE-O is most useful in predicting systemic complications of severe AP.
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ObjectiveTo explore the value of MRI in diagnosis of chronic injury of the elbow in young athletes,and to discuss the optimization of imaging sequences.MethodsA total of 34 athletes (40 elbows) aged 6-16 years underwent MR examination on axial,sagittal and coronal planes.The characteristics of MRI were analyzed.ResultsThe anatomy of parenchyma and bones in elbow joint were displayed clearly by using axial TIW,sag T1W,T2W,sag STIR and PDW sequences.The thickening of periosteum and arthroedema were displayed well with sagittal T2W and STIR sequence,while bone marrow,ligament injury and synovitis were displayed well with PDW sequence.ConclusionMRI can display clearly the injury of bones and muscles in young athletes with chronic injury of the elbow.Optimization of imaging sequences is of importance in the depicting and diagnosis of chronic injury of bone and muscles.
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Serum Cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTn Ⅰ) and lactic acid were measured in 128 neonatal patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and 38 healthy neonates (control group). Serum cTn Ⅰ and lactic acid levels were higher in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy than those in healthy neonates (P < 0. 05 ); and the differences of these values were also statistically significant between the serious patients and the mild patients (P<0.05). Serum cTn Ⅰ and lactic acid are two sensitive markers for degree of myocardial injury and hypoxia in neonatal patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Objective The aim of this study is to identify association between increased serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and metabolic parameters in non-alcoholic population of north China. Methods A total of 5351 subjects who came to visit Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University for health examinations during May to December 2007 were divided into two groups based on their serum ALT activities, one with equal to or more than 40 U/L and the other with less than 40. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, serum ALT, serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-dense lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-dense lipoprotein-cbolesterol (LDL-C) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured for all of them. Results Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and FBG were significantly different between the two groups. BMI, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and FBG all associated with increased ALT both in males and females. DBP associated with increased ALT in males and SBP with it in females, logistic regression analysis showed that male, younger age, raised BMI, TG, TC, FBG and reduced HDL-C were strongly associated with increased serum ALT. Conclusions Results showed that metabolic disturbance such as obesity, hypertension, dyalipidemia, hyperglycemia, and so on associated with increased ALT in non-alcoholic population of north China.